PV Project in Munich, Germany, Technical Solutions-Tianfu Institute of Intelligent Technology (Nanjing) Co., LTD（南京）有限公司

PV Project in Munich, Germany, Technical Solutions

Talent Smart PV Project in Munich, Germany

Technical solutions

Note: 1. All prices in this programme are in RMB Yuan.

2. The prices of products in this programme are all prices for project works in China, for reference in foreign projects, and are implemented according to local prices.

I. Basic information about the project

1.1 Project Size

The current project proposes to install 101,200 mono crystalline silicon PV modules with a standard power of 500Wp and an installed capacity of 50.6MWp.

1.2 Local PV Resource Analysis

The project site in Munich, Germany is located at 48.13° N, 11.58° E.

The local meteorological measurement data interface in the NASA database.

Figure 1: Solar radiation at the time of day

The total annual sunshine radiation in Munich is approximately 1151.5kWh/㎡ as shown in the graph below , and the intensity of solar radiation is low in the German region.

Figure 2: Solar radiation at the time of day

II. Technical programme

2.1 Overall programme

The project uses a string inverter system, where the PV panel arrays are connected via multiple MPPT string inverters and several inverters converge into a transformer to step up the voltage and then connect to the grid.

Distributed PV String Schematic

The PV panels are connected to the inverter MPPT inputs by connecting them in series groups. The inverter supports multiple MPPT inputs, in this case 12 MPPTs are selected for the time being, each MPPT is connected to a series group of two PVs. The DC power of the series-connected PV panels is converted to AC power through the inverter current after the MPPT regulation and control.

2.2 PV Modules

2.2.1 PV Module Selection

The basic principle of PV module selection: on the premise of high technical maturity and reliable operation, combined with the natural environment, construction conditions and transportation around the power station, the type of PV module that is dominant in the industry and the direction of the technical trend is selected. Taking into account the efficiency, technical maturity and market share of the modules, as well as the choice available when purchasing and ordering, this project recommends the use of 500W crystalline silicon PV modules.

Table 1: Electrical parameters (under standard test conditions)

Maximum Power (Wp)	485	490	495	500	505	510
Power tolerance (W)	0~+5
Maximum power point operating voltage (V)	42.2	42.4	42.6	42.8	43.0	43.2
Operating current at maximum Power point (A)	11.49	11.56	11.63	11.69	11.75	11.81
Open circuit voltage (V)	51.1	51.3	51.5	51.7	51.9	52.1
Short circuit current (A)	12.07	12.14	12.21	12.28	12.35	12.42
Component efficiency (%)	20.1	20.3	20.5	20.7	21.0	21.2

Standard test conditions (atmospheric mass AM1.5, irradiance 1000W/㎡, battery temperature 25℃)

Measuring tolerance: ±3%

2.2.2 Inclination of PV Arrays

Rooftop PV panels are installed in accordance with the principle of local adaptation and flexible design of installation methods according to the roofing situation of the plant or building. The basic principle is to meet the aesthetic and structural requirements of the building, safe, reliable and suitable.

Flat fixed installation: plant, courtyard and other sloping roofs are laid along the roof or the building roof is laid in the BIPV way, the installation inclination angle is the same as the roof slope angle, generally at about 30°, generally designed to be installed on the sunny side, the back sunny side is not installed. The tilt angle of the PV panels installed on top of the sunroom is calculated to be around 0°.

Bracket fixed: flat roofs, ground mounted PV panels generally use bracket fixed installation, the installation angle in the German region in 40 ° ~ 45 ° or so.

2.2.3 PV panel footprint

Flat fixed installation of PV panels, the current PV panel installation unit area capacity of 200Wp/㎡. For example, for a 500㎡ herringbone roof with a sun-facing area of 250㎡, the theoretical capacity of PV panels installed on the sun-facing surface is 50kWp.

The installation angle should be 40°, and the gap between the PV groups should be no less than 0.6 times the length of the PV panels, calculated by direct sunlight shading in winter. According to the PV plate unit area capacity of 200Wp/㎡consider, bracket fixed installation PV plate unit area capacity of 200/1.6=125Wp/㎡or so.

2.3 Inverter selection

The inverter is selected according to the power and operating voltage of the PV square on site, and a suitable inverter product is chosen. The specific parameters of the inverters selected in this project are as follows.

Table 1: Inverter technical data

Input parameters
Max. input voltage	1500V
Minimum input voltage/starting voltage	500V/500V
Rated input voltage	1080V
MPPT voltage range	500V - 1500V
Full load MPPT voltage range	860V - 1300V
Number of MPPT	12 MPPT per circuit
Maximum number of input strings	2
Max. input current	360A (12 x 30A)
Maximum allowable current at input terminals	30A
Max. DC short-circuit current	600A (12 x 50A)
Output parameters
Rated output power	225kW
Maximum output power	247.5kW
Maximum output apparent power	247.5kVA
Maximum output current	178.7A
Rated grid voltage	3/PE, 800V
Grid voltage range	640-920V
Rated grid frequency	50Hz/60Hz
Grid frequency range	45-55Hz/55-65Hz
Total current waveform distortion rate	<3% (at rated power)
DC component , <,/td>	<0.5%In power factor
Adjustable power factor range	0.8 ahead - 0.8 behind
Number of feeder phases / number of phases at the output	3/3
Protection
Silo protection	with
Low voltage crossing	with
DC reverse connection protection	with
AC short circuit protection	with
Leakage current protection	with
Grid monitoring	with
DC switches	with
String detection	with
PID protection and repair	Optional
Lightning protection level	DC2/AC2

2.4 Configuration Options

The PV panels are 500Wp mono crystalline silicon PV panels. 23 panels are connected in series into 1 group and connected to the DC input of the inverter. Each inverter supports 12 MPPT inputs, each MPPT supports 2 DC inputs, one inverter can support 24 PV groups to be connected, 22 PV groups are designed to be connected in this scheme.

The 22 PV panels are connected in parallel to 1 inverter, and 23 PV panels are connected in series each way. The maximum output power of the inverters is 225kW. Every 8 inverters are connected to a sink cabinet, which is connected to a transformer with a power of 2000kVA.

Table 2: List of PV equipment configurations

Serial number	Equipment name	Specification	Unit	Number
1	PV modules	500W	only	101200
2	String inverters	225KW	Terrace	200
3	AC convergence boxes	Route 10	Terrace	25
4	Brackets	PV panel packages	only	101200
5	Foundation	PV foundation	set	101200
6	Transformers	2000VA	Terrace	25
7	Power cables	Supporting	Item	1
8	Secondary cabinets	Secondary monitoring and protection	set	1

III. Economic analysis

3.1 Estimated volume of work

Table 2: Distributed PV unit construction costs

Serial number	Equipment name	Unit price (yuan/W)
1	PV modules	2.1
2	String inverters	0.2
3	AC convergence boxes	0.01
4	Brackets	0.3
5	Foundation	0.2
6	Transformers	0.3
7	Power cables	0.5
8	Primary cabinets	0.2
9	Secondary cabinets	0.2
10	Construction commissioning	0.5
Total		4.51

Summary: 1) The construction scale of this project is 50.6MWp and the construction investment cost is RMB 228.2 million.

2) Unit cost 4.51 Yuan/W, such as flat 902 Yuan/㎡, such as bracket type 564 Yuan/㎡.

Note: The estimate is for construction costs in China, and costs such as actual construction risks have to be taken into account abroad.

3.2 Estimation of generation revenue

Table 3: Parameter values

Projects	Discounted items	Efficiency
1	Dust Covering	97.00%
2	Inverter losses	99.00%
3	Other losses	85.00%
4	PV panel efficiency	21%
5	Decay rate in the first 2 years	1%
6	Decay rate after 2 years	0.6%
First year efficiency		17%

According to NASA data, the annual horizontal radiation in Munich, Germany is 1151kWh/㎡, when the installation angle is 0°, according to 200Wp/㎡ capacity, each 1KWp corresponds to a radiation area of 5㎡, annual power generation = 1151×5×17%=978kWh

Table 4: 25-year electricity generation estimates

Year	On-grid electricity (million kWh)	Year	On-grid electricity (million kWh)
1	4841.1	14	4458.8
2	4792.7	15	4432.0
3	4763.9	16	4405.4
4	4735.3	17	4379.0
5	4706.9	18	4352.7
6	4678.7	19	4326.6
7	4650.6	20	4300.7
8	4622.7	21	4274.8
9	4595.0	22	4249.2
10	4567.4	23	4223.7
11	4540.0	24	4198.4
12	4512.8	25	4173.2
13	4485.7	Total	112267.4

It generated 48.41 million kWh of electricity in the first year and 1.1 billion kWh in 25 years.

The power output is around 1.18 times that of 0° at a mounting angle of 30° and around 1.29 times that of 0° at 40°.

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